Method and system for defining an offlinable view/controller graph

ABSTRACT

A method and system for defining an offlinable view/controller graph. In one embodiment of the method a first view definition is received from a server via data communication link, wherein the first view definition comprises a first identifier. The first view definition is stored in memory at a location identified by a first universal resource locator (URL). The first URL is mapped to the first identifier in a table.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the domestic benefit under Title 35 of the U.S.Code §119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/880,892,entitled “Method and System for Defining an Offlinable View/ControllerGraph,” filed Sep. 21, 2013, which is hereby incorporated by referencein its entirety and for all purposes as if completely and fully setforth herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Enterprise applications provide valuable services to businesses. Forexample, enterprise applications provide customer relationshipmanagement (CRM), resource planning, human resource management, etc. Thepresent invention will be described with reference to an example CRMthat provides sales and marketing services, it being understood that thepresent invention should not be limited thereto.

CRM is a widely implemented strategy for managing a company'sinteraction with customers. CRM services can be accessed through mobiledevices (e.g., smart phones or tablet computers). The present inventionwill be described with reference to providing CRM services to users viatheir mobile devices, it being understood the present invention shouldnot be limited thereto.

SUMMARY

A method and system for defining an offlinable view/controller graph isdisclosed. In one embodiment of the method, a first view definition isreceived from a server via data communication link, wherein the firstview definition comprises a first identifier. The first view definitionis stored in memory at a location identified by a first universalresource locator (URL). The first URL is mapped to the first identifierin a table.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention may be better understood, and its numerousobjects, features, and advantages made apparent to those skilled in theart by referencing the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating relevant components of an examplesystem that employs mobile CRM.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of relevant components of an example serveremployed in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 graphically illustrates an example page displayed on a mobiledevice employed in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 graphically illustrates an example page displayed on a mobiledevice employed in FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 graphically illustrates an example page displayed on a mobiledevice employed in FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating relevant components of an examplemobile device.

FIGS. 7A-7C graphically illustrates an example view table stored in themobile device employed of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating relevant aspects of a processimplemented by the mobile device of FIG. 6.

FIG. 9 graphically illustrates an example page displayed on a mobiledevice employed in FIG. 1.

FIG. 10 graphically illustrates an example page displayed on a mobiledevice employed in FIG. 1.

The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings indicatessimilar or identical items.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Today's sales workforce is more mobile than ever. To better aid themobile sales workforce, many companies employ mobile CRM, which enablesusers to more efficiently use CRM services such as creating, reviewing,and/or updating sales opportunities, sales accounts, contacts, etc.,through user interfaces or “views” displayed on mobile devices.

FIG. 1 illustrates in block diagram form, relevant components of anexample system 100 that provides mobile CRM. System 100 includes amobile device (e.g., smart phone) 104 in wireless data communicationwith a CRM executing on server 106. Services provided by the CRM can beaccessed through views displayed by mobile device 104.

In one embodiment, the CRM implements a model-view-controllerarchitecture. The CRM includes a single, state driven application thatcontains multiple page definitions, which form the basis of views thatcan be are displayed by mobile device 104. In response to receiving aview request from mobile device 104, the CRM merges or binds viewcomponents (e.g., account names, contact names, etc.) from a logicaldata model with a selected page definition, the result of which is sentto the mobile device 104 as a view definition in a reply afteradditional processing (e.g., rendering, Uniform Resource Identifier(URI) insertion, and/or serialization). Mobile device 104 receives andrenders the view definition for display. For purposes of explanation,this disclosure presumes that any view definition received by a mobiledevice contains merged view components (e.g., account names, contactnames, etc.) in condition for rendering and subsequent display. Mobiledevice may perform preprocessing (e.g., deserialization) before the viewdefinition is rendered for subsequent display.

With continuing reference to FIG. 1, FIG. 2 illustrates an example ofserver 106 with relevant components shown in block diagram form. Memory202 stores an application definition for the CRM. The applicationdefinition includes page definitions, some of which are represented inmemory 202. The “Springboard” page definition can be used to render aspringboard view for display on a mobile device, which enables useraccess to mini-applications or high level business objects within thelogical data model. The “Accounts,” “Opportunities,” and “Contacts” pagedefinitions can be used to render views for display on mobile devicesthat present names of accounts, opportunities, and contacts,respectively, in a list pattern. The “Account,” “Opportunity,” and“Contact” page definitions can be used to render views for display thatprovide detailed information for an account, opportunity, and contact,respectively, in a form. The “Account Form,” “Opportunity Form,” and“Contact Form” page definitions can be used to render views for displaythat provide information from an account, opportunity, and contact,respectively, in a user editable form. Other page definitions in memory202 are contemplated. In general, page definitions can be used to renderlogical data model 204 into a form suitable for interaction by a user ofa mobile device via views displayed thereon. In one sense, logical datamodel 204 provides access to business objects including accounts,contacts, opportunities, etc., some of which are shown in FIG. 2.

The application definition in memory 202 can be implemented as a statedriven application that is built using Java Server Faces (JSF)technology, it being understood the present invention should not belimited thereto. JSF provides standard, reusable components for creatingpages for views. JSF provides useful, special tags to enhance viewdefinitions. As will be more fully described below, the presentinvention can extend JSF (or a similar technology for building a statedriven application) with a new feature that enables insertion of a newtype of tag (e.g. URIs) into view definitions before the viewdefinitions are sent to mobile devices. These new tags, as will be morefully described below, enable multiple features. For example, the tagsallow mobile devices to display views when the mobile devices are“offline” or lack data communication with the CRM.

Control logic 206, which may take form in instructions executing on aprocessor, is in data communication with the application definition.Control logic 206 can receive a view request from mobile device 104 viainterface 208. In response to receiving the view request, control logic206 may access the application definition in memory 202 or a viewnavigation stack (not shown) to select an appropriate page definitionfor creating the reply. The page definition can be selected based oninformation contained in the view request in addition to otherinformation.

The page definition contains metadata that can be used to retrieve viewcomponents (e.g., account names, contact names, etc.) needed fromlogical data model 204. Control logic 206 can make calls to logical datamodel 204 to retrieve the needed view components. Control logic 206 canthen bind or merge the selected page definition with the retrievedcomponents, the result of which is transmitted to the requesting mobiledevice as a view definition in a reply after some additional processing.FIGS. 3-5 illustrate example views that are displayed by mobile device104 in response to receiving replies from the CRM.

With continuing reference to FIG. 2, FIG. 3 illustrates an example view302 that is displayed on a touch sensitive screen 300 of mobile device104 in response to a user's initial invocation of a mobile session withthe CRM. More particularly, when the user invokes the mobile session,mobile device 104 generates and sends a request for a springboard view.In response to receiving the request, control logic 206 selects thespringboard page definition in memory 202. After some processing,control logic 206 sends the springboard view definition to the mobiledevice in a reply. Mobile device 104 receives and subsequently displaysview 302 with actionable springboard view components 306-310 inresponse.

When springboard view 302 is displayed on mobile device 104, the usercan request additional, related views for display on mobile device 104via activation of components 306-310. To illustrate, the user canactivate “Contacts” in order to retrieve a list of the contacts from theCRM. In response to activation of Contacts, mobile device 104 generatesand sends a request for the contacts view to the CRM. View requests mayinclude a session identification or other information that uniquelyidentifies the session between the CRM and mobile device 104. The CRMand/or control logic 206 can use session identifications to manage viewnavigation stacks for respective mobile devices, which in turn can beused to select the proper page definition and components needed to formthe reply.

Continuing with the illustrated example, control logic 206 receives thecontacts list view request from mobile device 104, and in responseselects the contacts page definition from memory 202. Control logic 206selects and merges view components (e.g., contact names) from model 204that are needed for the reply. The component selection may be based oninformation in the selected page definition and/or other information. Inthe current example, control logic 206 selects contact names that areidentified directly or indirectly by the contact page definition.Components selected and retrieved are merged by control logic 206 withthe contacts page definition, the result of which is transmitted tomobile device 104 as a contacts view definition after some additionalprocessing. This additional processing may include, but should not belimited to, control logic 206 selectively adding view URIs and/or targetview URIs based on the contents of the merged page definition or arendered, merged page definition. A portion of an example contacts viewdefinition sent to mobile device 104 is provided below.

Contacts View Definition <<page title=“Contacts”viewUri=“view:/contacts#list”>  <list> <entryaction=“contacts?_ctrl.state=zxy1&source=abc”targetUri=“view:/contacts/101#detail” >Labron James</entry> <entryaction=“contacts?_ctrl.state=zxy1&source=def”targetUri=“view:/contacts/102#detail” >Mark Adams</entry> <entryaction=“contacts?_ctrl.state=zxy1&source=ghi”targetUri=“view:/contacts/102#detail” >Peter Chu</entry> <entryaction=“contacts?_ctrl.state=zxy1&source=jkl”targetUri=“view:/contacts/102#detail” >Sally Ride</entry>   . . . </list> </page>

FIG. 4 shows an example “Contacts” view 402 displayed by mobile device104 after it receives the reply from CRM. Like other views presented ina list pattern, view 402 illustrates contact names in a list. Manycomponents displayed in a view are actionable. For example, the “LabronJames” component can be user activated (e.g., “clicked”) to request acorresponding view that provides contact details for Labron James. Inresponse to activation, mobile device 104 generates and sends a requestfor the Labron James detail view to the CRM. Control logic 206 receivesthis request, and selects the Contact page definition based oninformation in the request. Control logic 206 selects components (e.g.,the account associated with the contact) identified directly orindirectly by the Contact page definition. The selected components aremerged with the Contact page definition, URIs are added, and the resultis transmitted to mobile device 104 after some additional processing. Aportion of an example contact view definition for Labron James receivedby mobile device 104 is provided below.

Labron James Contact View Definition <page title=“Contact”subtitle=“Labron James” viewUri=“view:/contacts/101#detail”>  <form> <entry label=“Name”>Labron James</entry>  <entry label=“Account”action=“contact?_ctrl.state=zxy2&source=abc”targetUri=“view:/accounts/201#detail”>Acme Bike Corp.</entry>  . . . </form> </page>

Like the contacts view definition example, the contact view definitionexample includes view and target view URIs. As will be more fullydescribed, mobile devices, like mobile device 104, can store viewdefinitions from the CRM, like the contacts and LaBron James contactview definition examples above, in local memory to enable offlinerendering and display of views. The view and target view URIs provide agraph or relationship between views, view components and viewdefinitions so that a user can navigate between and views on his mobiledevice even when the user's mobile device is offline. Target view URIsare linked to actionable components within view definitions. When a userclicks a displayed view component while the mobile device is offline, aview definition identified by a target view URI and linked to thedisplayed view component, can be retrieved from local memory andsubsequently rendered for display.

FIG. 5 shows an example of the Labron James contact view 502 displayedby mobile device 104 after it receives and renders the reply from theCRM. View 502 illustrates detail contact components displayed in a formformat. View 502 has a look and feel of other views displayed by mobiledevice 104 such as the view 402 shown in FIG. 4. For example, both views402 and 502 include a “Back” button that can be used to backwardnavigate to a prior view. If the Back button of view 502 is activated,mobile device 104 will generate and send a back request to the CRM. Inone embodiment, the same generic back request is sent by mobile device104 whenever any back button in any view is activated. In response tothe back request, the control logic 206 can pop the last item off theview navigation stack, which item includes information related to view502. Then, control logic 206 can recreate the reply that resulted inview 402, using the page definition (e.g., Contacts page definition) inthe most recently added stack item, and components from the model. Thereply is recreated for subsequent transmission to the mobile device 104.The redisplay of the view should be the same except for any componentfrom the logical data model that has changed in the interim.

Most of the time, mobile devices such as mobile device 104 shown in FIG.1 are in data communication with the CRM such as the CRM executing onserver 106. While “online” or in data communication, mobile device canreceive view definitions from the CRM. However, data communicationbetween the CRM and a mobile device may be interrupted eithervoluntarily or involuntarily. For example, mobile device 104 may have afeature (e.g., “airplane mode”) that allows the user to disable wirelesscommunication, or the mobile device may be too far away from acommunication tower to exchange radio signal communications. Mobiledevice users prefer to have access to CRM data and services when theirmobile devices are voluntarily or involuntarily offline.

FIG. 6 illustrates relevant components of mobile device 104 that enablesoffline access to CRM data and/or services. More particularly, FIG. 6shows, in block diagram form, a view request handler 604 in datacommunication with a view controller 602 and a mobile CRM client 606. Inone embodiment, components 602-606 may take form in instructionsexecuting on one or more processors of mobile device 104. Additionally,FIG. 6 shows a memory subsystem 610 that is configured to store a filesystem 612 and a data store 614. In one embodiment, data store 614 maytake form in a database that stores one or more tables such as a viewtable more fully described below.

Mobile CMR client 606 generates requests for views, such as the requestfor the contacts view mentioned above, in response to user activation ofdisplayed, actionable view components. Request handler 604 receives therequests and is configured to forward the requests to the CRM if themobile device 104 is online or in data communication with the server106. Otherwise, request handler 604 forwards the view requests to viewcontroller 602 as will be more fully described below.

If the mobile device is online, view controller 602 is configured toreceive a request reply from server 106 that contains a view definitionsuch as the contacts view definition example above. View controller 602stores a copy of the view definition in file system 612, and links theview URI for the view definition to the stored copy. In one embodiment,view controller 602 creates and/or accesses a view table within datastore 614 that maps view URIs to respective URLs or addresses for viewdefinitions stored in file system 612. View controller 602 is alsoconfigured to provide view definitions to mobile CRM client 606 onrequest when mobile device 104 is in the offline mode as will be morefully described below.

FIG. 7A illustrates an example view table 700 contained within datastore 614. This view table contains entries that map view URIs to filesystem URLs, which identify respective locations within file system 612where view definitions are stored. The view table shown in FIG. 7A isaccessible by the view controller. As shown in the example of FIG. 7A,view table 700 includes four entries, only one of which maps a URI to afile system URL. For purposes of explanation, FIG. 7A represents thestate of view table 700 prior to mobile device 104 requesting thecontacts view definition and the Labron James contact view definitionset forth above.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example process employed by the view controller602 and request handler 604 to enable offline access to CRM data and/orservices. The process begins when a user of mobile device 104 activates(e.g., clicks) a displayed, actionable view component of a rendered viewdefinition. The view component may be linked to a separate viewdefinition via a target view URI in the rendered view definition. Inresponse to user activation, the mobile CRM client 606 generates a viewrequest corresponding to the activated view component. If the activatedview component is linked to a target view URI, the URI from the renderedview definition may be included in the request generated by the mobileCRM client 606.

Request handler 604 receives the view request and determines whethermobile device 104 operates in the online mode. If mobile device 104 isoperating in the online mode, the process proceeds to step 805 wherehandler 604 sends the request to the CRM. In response view controller602 will receive a reply from CRM that contains a view definition asshown in step 806. The view definition should contain and is identifiedby a unique view URI. The view definition may also contain one or moretarget view URIs that link components (e.g., contacts) in the viewdefinition to respective view definitions.

The view definition received in step 806 is subsequently processed byview controller 602. More particularly, view controller 602 accesses theview table 700 to determine whether it contains the view URI for theview definition. If the view table lacks an entry containing the viewURI, view controller 602 creates a new entry, and adds the view URI tothe new entry. The view definition received in step 806 is stored, inone embodiment, in a file identified by a unique URL within file system612. The view controller 602 maps this URL to the view URI in the newentry of the view table as shown in step 820. In one embodiment, certainviews do not warrant storage in the mobile device, and as a result viewstorage on the mobile device is selective. For example views showing upto date stock prices or weather reports are not stored.

If the view controller 602 determines in step 810 that the view tablecontains the view URI for the received view definition and a mapped URLthereto, thus indicating file system 612 contains a prior version of theview definition received in step 806, the prior version of the viewdefinition stored at the URL is overwritten with the view definitionreceived in step 806. On the other hand if the view table 700 containsthe view URI for the view definition received in step 806, but the viewURI in the table is not mapped to a URL, then the view definitionreceived in step 806 is stored in file system 612 at a unique URL instep 822. View table 700 is then updated with the URL of step 822. Theview definition received in step 806 may contain one or more target viewURIs. Although not shown in FIG. 8, view controller 602 creates a newentry in view table 700 for each target view URI that is not present inthe view table.

After step 818, 820, or 824 the view definition received from the CRM instep 806 is sent to the mobile CRM client 606 for rendering andsubsequent display on the mobile device 104, and the process of FIG. 8ends.

Mobile device 104 may be in the offline mode when the request handler604 receives the view request from the mobile CRM client 606. If themobile device is in the offline mode, then the request handler 604forwards the view request to view controller 602. This request shouldcontain a view URI (i.e., the target view URI) mapped in the renderedview definition to the view component that was activated in step 802.View controller 602 accesses table 700 to read the URL that is mapped tothe view URI. File system 612 is accessed to read the view definition atthe URL, which is then forwarded to mobile CRM client 606 as shown in832 for rendering and display. Thereafter, the process ends.

FIG. 7A illustrates the example view table prior to mobile device 104receiving the example contacts list view definition and the exampleLabron James contact view definition. FIG. 7B illustrates changes madeby view controller 602 to the view table shown in FIG. 7A in accordancewith the process of FIG. 8 after mobile device 104 receives the examplecontacts view definition. Entry 5, which maps the view URI (i.e.,view:\\contacts#list) for the example contacts list view definition andthe URL (i.e., file:\\..contacts#list) for the example view definitionstored in file system, illustrates the result of view controller 602creating a new entry in accordance with step 820. Entries 6-9, whichcontain the target view URIs of the example contacts view definition,illustrates the result of view controller 602 creating new entries fortarget view URIs contained in the example contacts view definition.

FIG. 7C illustrates changes made by view controller 602 to the viewtable shown in FIG. 7B after the mobile device receives and processesthe example Labron James contact view definition in accordance with theprocess of FIG. 8. As can be seen, entry 6 has been updated to includethe URL where the LaBron James contact definition file is stored.

With continuing reference to FIGS. 7C and 8, FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrateexample views that are displayed by mobile device 104 when operating inthe offline mode. Although not indicated in FIG. 7C, the file system ofmobile device 104 stores a view definition for the springboard viewshown in FIG. 3. This view definition can be rendered and displayed onmobile device 104 that is similar to that shown in FIG. 3 while mobiledevice 104 is in the offline mode. The user of mobile device 104 canactivate the Contacts view component (see FIG. 3) of the springboardwhile mobile device 104 is in the offline mode. In response, the mobileCRM client 606 generates a request for the contacts view definition.This request will include the view URI (i.e., view://contacts#list) thatis linked to the contacts view component within the rendered springboardview definition. Since mobile device 104 is offline, request handler 604will forward the request from the mobile CRM client to the viewcontroller 602 in accordance with the process shown in FIG. 8. Inresponse, view controller 602 accesses view table 700 shown in FIG. 7Cto read the URL (i.e., file:\\..contacts#list) that is mapped to theview URI (i.e., view://contacts#list) of the request. View controller602 initiates a process to retrieve the contacts view definition storedat the mapped URL, which is eventually forwarded to mobile CRM client606 for rendering and display. In one embodiment, however, before theview definition is forwarded to the mobile CRM 602, view controller 602can analyze the contacts view definition to identify which of its targetview URIs, if any, are mapped to respective URLs in view table 700. Viewcontroller 602 can update the contacts view definition to indicate thosetarget view URIs that are mapped to URLs within the view table beforethe view definition is sent to the mobile CRM client 606. Mobile CRMclient 606 renders and displays the contacts view as shown in FIG. 9.When displaying the contacts view definition, mobile CRM client 606 willvisually identify those view components that are actionable based uponcorresponding target view URIs that were previously identified by viewcontroller 602 as mapped to URLs. In one embodiment, view componentsthat are actionable are bolded in the resulting view displayed by themobile device 104. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the LaBron Jamescontact view component is bolded, thus indicating that this component isactionable in the offline mode.

In response to a user activating an actionable component such as theLaBron James component displayed in FIG. 9, the mobile CRM 606 acting inaccordance with the process shown in FIG. 8 generates a view request forthe LaBron James contact definition view. This request will include theview URI (i.e., view://contacts/101#detail) for the request contact viewdefinition, which is linked to the “LaBron James” component within thecontacts view definition rendered for display. Since mobile device 104is offline, this request is provided to view controller 602, which inturn initiates a process that reads the LaBron James contact view fromthe file system definition at the mapped URL (i.e.,file://..contacts/101#detail). The contact view definition is forwardedto the mobile CRM client for subsequent rendering and display. FIG. 10illustrates the LaBron James contact view displayed by mobile device 104while mobile device 104 is in the offline mode.

Although the invention has been described in connection with severalembodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the specificforms set forth herein. On the contrary, it is intended to cover suchalternatives, modifications, and equivalents as can be reasonablyincluded within the scope of the invention as defined by the appendedclaims.

We claim:
 1. A method comprising: receiving a first view definition froma server via data communication link, wherein the first view definitioncomprises a first identifier; storing the first view definition inmemory at a location identified by a first address; mapping the firstaddress to the first identifier in a table; displaying a first view thatcorresponds to the first view definition; storing a second identifier ofthe first view definition in the table; receiving a second viewdefinition from the server via the communication link, wherein thesecond view definition comprises the second identifier; storing thesecond view definition in the memory at a location identified by asecond address; mapping the second address to the second identifier inthe table; selecting first view components based on a first pagedefinition; merging the first view components with the first pagedefinition to create a first result; generating the first and secondidentifiers based on metadata of the first page definition; adding thefirst and second identifiers to the first result to directly orindirectly generate the first view definition; selecting second viewcomponents based on a second page definition; merging the second viewcomponents with the second page definition to create a second result;generating the second identifier based on metadata of the first pagedefinition; adding the first and second identifiers to the second resultto directly or indirectly generate the second view definition.
 2. Themethod of claim 1 further comprising a mobile device displaying a secondview that corresponds to the second view definition.
 3. The method ofclaim 1 wherein the second view is received by a mobile device inresponse to user activation of the actionable view component.
 4. Themethod of claim 1 wherein the first identifier is a view UniformResource Identifier, and wherein the second identifier is a target viewUniform Resource Identifier.
 5. The method of claim 4 furthercomprising: identifying one or more target view Uniform ResourceIdentifiers of the view Uniform Resource Identifier to be mapped toaddresses in the table.
 6. The method of claim 5 wherein the adding ofthe first and second identifiers to the first result to directly orindirectly generate the first view definition comprises updating thefirst view definition to indicate the identified target view UniformResource Identifiers.
 7. A memory storing instructions, wherein a mobiledevice implements a method in response to executing the instructions,the method comprising: receiving a first view definition from a servervia data communication link, wherein the first view definition comprisesa first identifier; storing the first view definition in memory at alocation identified by a first address; mapping the first address to thefirst identifier in a table; displaying a first view that corresponds tothe first view definition; storing a second identifier of the first viewdefinition in the table; receiving a second view definition from theserver via the communication link, wherein the second view definitioncomprises the second identifier; storing the second view definition inthe memory at a location identified by a second address; mapping thesecond address to the second identifier in the table; selecting firstview components based on a first page definition; merging the first viewcomponents with the first page definition to create a first result;generating the first and second identifiers based on metadata of thefirst page definition; adding the first and second identifiers to thefirst result to directly or indirectly generate the first viewdefinition; selecting second view components based on a second pagedefinition; merging the second view components with the second pagedefinition to create a second result; generating the second identifierbased on metadata of the first page definition; adding the first andsecond identifiers to the second result to directly or indirectlygenerate the second view definition.
 8. The memory of claim 7 whereinthe first identifier is a view Uniform Resource Identifier, and whereinthe second identifier is a target view Uniform Resource Identifier. 9.The memory of claim 8 wherein the method further comprises: identifyingone or more target view Uniform Resource Identifiers of the view UniformResource Identifier to be mapped to addresses in the table.
 10. Thememory of claim 7 wherein the method further comprises the mobile devicedisplaying a second view that corresponds to the second view definition.11. The memory of claim 7 wherein the second view is received by themobile device in response to user activation of the actionable viewcomponent.
 12. The memory of claim 9 wherein the adding of the first andsecond identifiers to the first result to directly or indirectlygenerate the first view definition comprises updating the first viewdefinition to indicate the identified target view Uniform ResourceIdentifiers.
 13. A computer readable memory storing instructions,wherein a computer system implements a method in response to executingthe instructions, the method comprising: selecting a first pagedefinition based on a request received from a mobile device;transmitting a first view definition to the mobile device, wherein themobile device implements a method, the method comprising: receiving afirst view definition from a server via data communication link, whereinthe first view definition comprises a first identifier; storing thefirst view definition in memory at a location identified by a firstaddress; mapping the first address to the first identifier in a table;displaying a first view that corresponds to the first view definition;storing a second identifier of the first view definition in the table;receiving a second view definition from the server via the communicationlink, wherein the second view definition comprises the secondidentifier; storing the second view definition in the memory at alocation identified by a second address; mapping the second address tothe second identifier in the table; selecting first view componentsbased on a first page definition; merging the first view components withthe first page definition to create a first result; generating the firstand second identifiers based on metadata of the first page definition;adding the first and second identifiers to the first result to directlyor indirectly generate the first view definition; selecting second viewcomponents based on a second page definition; merging the second viewcomponents with the second page definition to create a second result;generating the second identifier based on metadata of the first pagedefinition; adding the first and second identifiers to the second resultto directly or indirectly generate the second view definition.
 14. Thecomputer readable memory of claim 13, wherein the first identifier is aview Uniform Resource Identifier, and wherein the second identifier is atarget view Uniform Resource Identifier.
 15. A method comprising:transmitting instructions to a mobile for storage in memory thereof,wherein the mobile device is configured to implement a mobile devicemethod in response to executing the instructions, the mobile devicemethod comprising: receiving a first view definition from a server viadata communication link, wherein the first view definition comprises afirst identifier; storing the first view definition in memory at alocation identified by a first address; mapping the first address to thefirst identifier in a table; displaying a first view that corresponds tothe first view definition; storing a second identifier of the first viewdefinition in the table; receiving a second view definition from theserver via the communication link, wherein the second view definitioncomprises the second identifier; storing the second view definition inthe memory at a location identified by a second address; mapping thesecond address to the second identifier in the table; selecting firstview components based on a first page definition; merging the first viewcomponents with the first page definition to create a first result;generating the first and second identifiers based on metadata of thefirst page definition; adding the first and second identifiers to thefirst result to directly or indirectly generate the first viewdefinition; selecting second view components based on a second pagedefinition; merging the second view components with the second pagedefinition to create a second result; generating the second identifierbased on metadata of the first page definition; adding the first andsecond identifiers to the second result to directly or indirectlygenerate the second view definition.
 16. The method of claim 15 whereinthe first identifier is a view Uniform Resource Identifier, and whereinthe second identifier is a target view Uniform Resource Identifier. 17.The method of claim 16 wherein the mobile device method furthercomprises: identifying one or more target view Uniform ResourceIdentifiers of the view Uniform Resource Identifier to be mapped toaddresses in the table.
 18. The method of claim 15 wherein the mobiledevice method further comprises displaying a second view thatcorresponds to the second view definition.
 19. The method of claim 15wherein the second view is received by the mobile device in response touser activation of the actionable view component.
 20. The method ofclaim 17 wherein the adding of the first and second identifiers to thefirst result to directly or indirectly generate the first viewdefinition comprises updating the first view definition to indicate theidentified target view Uniform Resource Identifiers.